From 78b21a9ac3f975f35ec7b61108531e1495eb91c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: cbdev <cb@cbcdn.com>
Date: Sun, 12 Jan 2020 17:34:14 +0100
Subject: Rework instance creation

---
 README.md           |  6 +++---
 backend.c           |  6 +++---
 backend.h           |  2 +-
 backends/artnet.c   | 14 ++++----------
 backends/artnet.h   |  2 +-
 backends/evdev.c    | 13 ++++---------
 backends/evdev.h    |  2 +-
 backends/jack.c     | 12 +++---------
 backends/jack.h     |  2 +-
 backends/loopback.c | 15 +++++----------
 backends/loopback.h |  2 +-
 backends/lua.c      | 13 ++++---------
 backends/lua.h      |  2 +-
 backends/maweb.c    | 13 ++++---------
 backends/maweb.h    |  2 +-
 backends/midi.c     | 11 +++--------
 backends/midi.h     |  2 +-
 backends/ola.cpp    | 16 +++++-----------
 backends/ola.h      |  2 +-
 backends/osc.c      | 11 +++--------
 backends/osc.h      |  2 +-
 backends/sacn.c     | 11 +++--------
 backends/sacn.h     |  2 +-
 backends/winmidi.c  | 15 +++++----------
 backends/winmidi.h  |  2 +-
 config.c            | 14 +++++++++-----
 midimonster.c       |  2 +-
 midimonster.h       | 21 ++++-----------------
 28 files changed, 75 insertions(+), 142 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index b9be3cf..725390f 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # The MIDIMonster
 
-Named for its scary math, the MIDIMonster is a universal translation
-tool between multi-channel absolute-value-based control and/or bus protocols.
+Named for its scary math, the MIDIMonster is a universal control and translation
+tool for multi-channel absolute-value-based control and/or bus protocols.
 
 Currently, the MIDIMonster supports the following protocols:
 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Currently, the MIDIMonster supports the following protocols:
 
 with additional flexibility provided by a [Lua scripting environment](backends/lua.md).
 
-The MIDIMonster allows the user to translate any channel on one protocol into channel(s)
+With these features, the MIDIMonster allows the user to translate any channel on one protocol into channel(s)
 on any other (or the same) supported protocol, for example to:
 
 * Translate MIDI Control Changes into Notes ([Example configuration](configs/unifest-17.cfg))
diff --git a/backend.c b/backend.c
index a2b120f..e9c3829 100644
--- a/backend.c
+++ b/backend.c
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ int backends_notify(size_t nev, channel** c, channel_value* v){
 			if(c[p]->instance == instances[u]){
 				xval = v[n];
 				xchnl = c[n];
-				
+
 				v[n] = v[p];
 				c[n] = c[p];
 
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ MM_API channel* mm_channel(instance* inst, uint64_t ident, uint8_t create){
 	return channels[nchannels++];
 }
 
-MM_API instance* mm_instance(){
+instance* mm_instance(){
 	instance** new_inst = realloc(instances, (ninstances + 1) * sizeof(instance*));
 	if(!new_inst){
 		//TODO free
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ int backends_start(){
 		if(p == ninstances){
 			continue;
 		}
-		
+
 		//fetch list of instances
 		if(mm_backend_instances(backends[u].name, &n, &inst)){
 			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to fetch instance list for initialization of backend %s\n", backends[u].name);
diff --git a/backend.h b/backend.h
index 6573e17..de9b5dc 100644
--- a/backend.h
+++ b/backend.h
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ int backends_start();
 int backends_stop();
 void instances_free();
 void channels_free();
+instance* mm_instance();
 
 /* Backend API */
 MM_API channel* mm_channel(instance* inst, uint64_t ident, uint8_t create);
-MM_API instance* mm_instance();
 MM_API instance* mm_instance_find(char* name, uint64_t ident);
 MM_API int mm_backend_instances(char* name, size_t* ninst, instance*** inst);
 MM_API int mm_backend_register(backend b);
diff --git a/backends/artnet.c b/backends/artnet.c
index 0bd1a32..ed426b0 100644
--- a/backends/artnet.c
+++ b/backends/artnet.c
@@ -94,23 +94,17 @@ static int artnet_configure(char* option, char* value){
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static instance* artnet_instance(){
-	artnet_instance_data* data = NULL;
-	instance* inst = mm_instance();
-	if(!inst){
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	data = calloc(1, sizeof(artnet_instance_data));
+static int artnet_instance(instance* inst){
+	artnet_instance_data* data = calloc(1, sizeof(artnet_instance_data));
 	if(!data){
 		LOG("Failed to allocate memory");
-		return NULL;
+		return 1;
 	}
 
 	data->net = default_net;
 
 	inst->impl = data;
-	return inst;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int artnet_configure_instance(instance* inst, char* option, char* value){
diff --git a/backends/artnet.h b/backends/artnet.h
index 59bd53f..1efdee6 100644
--- a/backends/artnet.h
+++ b/backends/artnet.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 MM_PLUGIN_API int init();
 static int artnet_configure(char* option, char* value);
 static int artnet_configure_instance(instance* instance, char* option, char* value);
-static instance* artnet_instance();
+static int artnet_instance(instance* inst);
 static channel* artnet_channel(instance* instance, char* spec, uint8_t flags);
 static int artnet_set(instance* inst, size_t num, channel** c, channel_value* v);
 static int artnet_handle(size_t num, managed_fd* fds);
diff --git a/backends/evdev.c b/backends/evdev.c
index 4725ef7..af5ec74 100644
--- a/backends/evdev.c
+++ b/backends/evdev.c
@@ -63,16 +63,11 @@ static int evdev_configure(char* option, char* value) {
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static instance* evdev_instance(){
-	instance* inst = mm_instance();
-	if(!inst){
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
+static int evdev_instance(instance* inst){
 	evdev_instance_data* data = calloc(1, sizeof(evdev_instance_data));
 	if(!data){
 		LOG("Failed to allocate memory");
-		return NULL;
+		return 1;
 	}
 
 	data->input_fd = -1;
@@ -81,12 +76,12 @@ static instance* evdev_instance(){
 	if(!data->output_proto){
 		LOG("Failed to initialize libevdev output prototype device");
 		free(data);
-		return NULL;
+		return 1;
 	}
 #endif
 
 	inst->impl = data;
-	return inst;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int evdev_attach(instance* inst, evdev_instance_data* data, char* node){
diff --git a/backends/evdev.h b/backends/evdev.h
index 0c877fc..e896d2d 100644
--- a/backends/evdev.h
+++ b/backends/evdev.h
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 MM_PLUGIN_API int init();
 static int evdev_configure(char* option, char* value);
 static int evdev_configure_instance(instance* instance, char* option, char* value);
-static instance* evdev_instance();
+static int evdev_instance(instance* inst);
 static channel* evdev_channel(instance* instance, char* spec, uint8_t flags);
 static int evdev_set(instance* inst, size_t num, channel** c, channel_value* v);
 static int evdev_handle(size_t num, managed_fd* fds);
diff --git a/backends/jack.c b/backends/jack.c
index d7f68c4..c862096 100644
--- a/backends/jack.c
+++ b/backends/jack.c
@@ -334,19 +334,13 @@ static int mmjack_configure_instance(instance* inst, char* option, char* value){
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static instance* mmjack_instance(){
-	instance* inst = mm_instance();
-	if(!inst){
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
+static int mmjack_instance(instance* inst){
 	inst->impl = calloc(1, sizeof(mmjack_instance_data));
 	if(!inst->impl){
 		LOG("Failed to allocate memory");
-		return NULL;
+		return 1;
 	}
-
-	return inst;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int mmjack_parse_midispec(mmjack_channel_ident* ident, char* spec){
diff --git a/backends/jack.h b/backends/jack.h
index 66c66db..03ce052 100644
--- a/backends/jack.h
+++ b/backends/jack.h
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 MM_PLUGIN_API int init();
 static int mmjack_configure(char* option, char* value);
 static int mmjack_configure_instance(instance* inst, char* option, char* value);
-static instance* mmjack_instance();
+static int mmjack_instance(instance* inst);
 static channel* mmjack_channel(instance* inst, char* spec, uint8_t flags);
 static int mmjack_set(instance* inst, size_t num, channel** c, channel_value* v);
 static int mmjack_handle(size_t num, managed_fd* fds);
diff --git a/backends/loopback.c b/backends/loopback.c
index 085d1df..eaecdb4 100644
--- a/backends/loopback.c
+++ b/backends/loopback.c
@@ -34,19 +34,14 @@ static int loopback_configure_instance(instance* inst, char* option, char* value
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static instance* loopback_instance(){
-	instance* i = mm_instance();
-	if(!i){
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	i->impl = calloc(1, sizeof(loopback_instance_data));
-	if(!i->impl){
+static int loopback_instance(instance* inst){
+	inst->impl = calloc(1, sizeof(loopback_instance_data));
+	if(!inst->impl){
 		LOG("Failed to allocate memory");
-		return NULL;
+		return 1;
 	}
 
-	return i;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static channel* loopback_channel(instance* inst, char* spec, uint8_t flags){
diff --git a/backends/loopback.h b/backends/loopback.h
index c508d72..cfb2e19 100644
--- a/backends/loopback.h
+++ b/backends/loopback.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 MM_PLUGIN_API int init();
 static int loopback_configure(char* option, char* value);
 static int loopback_configure_instance(instance* inst, char* option, char* value);
-static instance* loopback_instance();
+static int loopback_instance(instance* inst);
 static channel* loopback_channel(instance* inst, char* spec, uint8_t flags);
 static int loopback_set(instance* inst, size_t num, channel** c, channel_value* v);
 static int loopback_handle(size_t num, managed_fd* fds);
diff --git a/backends/lua.c b/backends/lua.c
index 510fc72..7d20fb1 100644
--- a/backends/lua.c
+++ b/backends/lua.c
@@ -304,16 +304,11 @@ static int lua_configure_instance(instance* inst, char* option, char* value){
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static instance* lua_instance(){
-	instance* inst = mm_instance();
-	if(!inst){
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
+static int lua_instance(instance* inst){
 	lua_instance_data* data = calloc(1, sizeof(lua_instance_data));
 	if(!data){
 		LOG("Failed to allocate memory");
-		return NULL;
+		return 1;
 	}
 
 	//load the interpreter
@@ -321,7 +316,7 @@ static instance* lua_instance(){
 	if(!data->interpreter){
 		LOG("Failed to initialize interpreter");
 		free(data);
-		return NULL;
+		return 1;
 	}
 	luaL_openlibs(data->interpreter);
 
@@ -338,7 +333,7 @@ static instance* lua_instance(){
 	lua_settable(data->interpreter, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
 
 	inst->impl = data;
-	return inst;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static channel* lua_channel(instance* inst, char* spec, uint8_t flags){
diff --git a/backends/lua.h b/backends/lua.h
index 75f03c4..ebe2046 100644
--- a/backends/lua.h
+++ b/backends/lua.h
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 MM_PLUGIN_API int init();
 static int lua_configure(char* option, char* value);
 static int lua_configure_instance(instance* inst, char* option, char* value);
-static instance* lua_instance();
+static int lua_instance(instance* inst);
 static channel* lua_channel(instance* inst, char* spec, uint8_t flags);
 static int lua_set(instance* inst, size_t num, channel** c, channel_value* v);
 static int lua_handle(size_t num, managed_fd* fds);
diff --git a/backends/maweb.c b/backends/maweb.c
index f81ab46..6a006bd 100644
--- a/backends/maweb.c
+++ b/backends/maweb.c
@@ -205,16 +205,11 @@ static int maweb_configure_instance(instance* inst, char* option, char* value){
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static instance* maweb_instance(){
-	instance* inst = mm_instance();
-	if(!inst){
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
+static int maweb_instance(instance* inst){
 	maweb_instance_data* data = calloc(1, sizeof(maweb_instance_data));
 	if(!data){
 		LOG("Failed to allocate memory");
-		return NULL;
+		return 1;
 	}
 
 	data->fd = -1;
@@ -222,12 +217,12 @@ static instance* maweb_instance(){
 	if(!data->buffer){
 		LOG("Failed to allocate memory");
 		free(data);
-		return NULL;
+		return 1;
 	}
 	data->allocated = MAWEB_RECV_CHUNK;
 
 	inst->impl = data;
-	return inst;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static channel* maweb_channel(instance* inst, char* spec, uint8_t flags){
diff --git a/backends/maweb.h b/backends/maweb.h
index 50b777a..80835d9 100644
--- a/backends/maweb.h
+++ b/backends/maweb.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 MM_PLUGIN_API int init();
 static int maweb_configure(char* option, char* value);
 static int maweb_configure_instance(instance* inst, char* option, char* value);
-static instance* maweb_instance();
+static int maweb_instance(instance* inst);
 static channel* maweb_channel(instance* inst, char* spec, uint8_t flags);
 static int maweb_set(instance* inst, size_t num, channel** c, channel_value* v);
 static int maweb_handle(size_t num, managed_fd* fds);
diff --git a/backends/midi.c b/backends/midi.c
index 11d759d..f73ebb4 100644
--- a/backends/midi.c
+++ b/backends/midi.c
@@ -69,19 +69,14 @@ static int midi_configure(char* option, char* value){
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static instance* midi_instance(){
-	instance* inst = mm_instance();
-	if(!inst){
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
+static int midi_instance(instance* inst){
 	inst->impl = calloc(1, sizeof(midi_instance_data));
 	if(!inst->impl){
 		LOG("Failed to allocate memory");
-		return NULL;
+		return 1;
 	}
 
-	return inst;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int midi_configure_instance(instance* inst, char* option, char* value){
diff --git a/backends/midi.h b/backends/midi.h
index 66a02bc..dcee010 100644
--- a/backends/midi.h
+++ b/backends/midi.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 MM_PLUGIN_API int init();
 static int midi_configure(char* option, char* value);
 static int midi_configure_instance(instance* instance, char* option, char* value);
-static instance* midi_instance();
+static int midi_instance(instance* inst);
 static channel* midi_channel(instance* instance, char* spec, uint8_t flags);
 static int midi_set(instance* inst, size_t num, channel** c, channel_value* v);
 static int midi_handle(size_t num, managed_fd* fds);
diff --git a/backends/ola.cpp b/backends/ola.cpp
index 09d68c9..106dbd5 100644
--- a/backends/ola.cpp
+++ b/backends/ola.cpp
@@ -40,21 +40,15 @@ static int ola_configure(char* option, char* value){
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static instance* ola_instance(){
-	ola_instance_data* data = NULL;
-	instance* inst = mm_instance();
-	if(!inst){
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	data = (ola_instance_data*)calloc(1, sizeof(ola_instance_data));
+static int ola_instance(instance* inst){
+	ola_instance_data* data = (ola_instance_data*) calloc(1, sizeof(ola_instance_data));
 	if(!data){
 		LOG("Failed to allocate memory");
-		return NULL;
+		return 1;
 	}
 
 	inst->impl = data;
-	return inst;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int ola_configure_instance(instance* inst, char* option, char* value){
@@ -188,7 +182,7 @@ static void ola_data_receive(unsigned int universe, const ola::DmxBuffer& ola_dm
 			else{
 				chan = mm_channel(inst, p, 0);
 			}
-			
+
 			if(!chan){
 				LOGPF("Active channel %" PRIsize_t " on %s not known to core", p, inst->name);
 				return;
diff --git a/backends/ola.h b/backends/ola.h
index 083e971..68244ec 100644
--- a/backends/ola.h
+++ b/backends/ola.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ extern "C" {
 	MM_PLUGIN_API int init();
 	static int ola_configure(char* option, char* value);
 	static int ola_configure_instance(instance* instance, char* option, char* value);
-	static instance* ola_instance();
+	static int ola_instance(instance* inst);
 	static channel* ola_channel(instance* instance, char* spec, uint8_t flags);
 	static int ola_set(instance* inst, size_t num, channel** c, channel_value* v);
 	static int ola_handle(size_t num, managed_fd* fds);
diff --git a/backends/osc.c b/backends/osc.c
index 7b9a5a5..754c290 100644
--- a/backends/osc.c
+++ b/backends/osc.c
@@ -562,21 +562,16 @@ static int osc_configure_instance(instance* inst, char* option, char* value){
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static instance* osc_instance(){
-	instance* inst = mm_instance();
-	if(!inst){
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
+static int osc_instance(instance* inst){
 	osc_instance_data* data = calloc(1, sizeof(osc_instance_data));
 	if(!data){
 		LOG("Failed to allocate memory");
-		return NULL;
+		return 1;
 	}
 
 	data->fd = -1;
 	inst->impl = data;
-	return inst;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static channel* osc_map_channel(instance* inst, char* spec, uint8_t flags){
diff --git a/backends/osc.h b/backends/osc.h
index f8ff3ff..ec75e3f 100644
--- a/backends/osc.h
+++ b/backends/osc.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 MM_PLUGIN_API int init();
 static int osc_configure(char* option, char* value);
 static int osc_configure_instance(instance* inst, char* option, char* value);
-static instance* osc_instance();
+static int osc_instance(instance* inst);
 static channel* osc_map_channel(instance* inst, char* spec, uint8_t flags);
 static int osc_set(instance* inst, size_t num, channel** c, channel_value* v);
 static int osc_handle(size_t num, managed_fd* fds);
diff --git a/backends/sacn.c b/backends/sacn.c
index ff2b61e..5096123 100644
--- a/backends/sacn.c
+++ b/backends/sacn.c
@@ -195,19 +195,14 @@ static int sacn_configure_instance(instance* inst, char* option, char* value){
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static instance* sacn_instance(){
-	instance* inst = mm_instance();
-	if(!inst){
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
+static int sacn_instance(instance* inst){
 	inst->impl = calloc(1, sizeof(sacn_instance_data));
 	if(!inst->impl){
 		LOG("Failed to allocate memory");
-		return NULL;
+		return 1;
 	}
 
-	return inst;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static channel* sacn_channel(instance* inst, char* spec, uint8_t flags){
diff --git a/backends/sacn.h b/backends/sacn.h
index c8d11e9..ac59441 100644
--- a/backends/sacn.h
+++ b/backends/sacn.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 MM_PLUGIN_API int init();
 static int sacn_configure(char* option, char* value);
 static int sacn_configure_instance(instance* instance, char* option, char* value);
-static instance* sacn_instance();
+static int sacn_instance(instance* inst);
 static channel* sacn_channel(instance* instance, char* spec, uint8_t flags);
 static int sacn_set(instance* inst, size_t num, channel** c, channel_value* v);
 static int sacn_handle(size_t num, managed_fd* fds);
diff --git a/backends/winmidi.c b/backends/winmidi.c
index c2aee2f..ad9b02d 100644
--- a/backends/winmidi.c
+++ b/backends/winmidi.c
@@ -95,19 +95,14 @@ static int winmidi_configure_instance(instance* inst, char* option, char* value)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static instance* winmidi_instance(){
-	instance* i = mm_instance();
-	if(!i){
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	i->impl = calloc(1, sizeof(winmidi_instance_data));
-	if(!i->impl){
+static int winmidi_instance(instance* inst){
+	inst->impl = calloc(1, sizeof(winmidi_instance_data));
+	if(!inst->impl){
 		LOG("Failed to allocate memory");
-		return NULL;
+		return 1;
 	}
 
-	return i;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static channel* winmidi_channel(instance* inst, char* spec, uint8_t flags){
diff --git a/backends/winmidi.h b/backends/winmidi.h
index 81e7439..4c740ea 100644
--- a/backends/winmidi.h
+++ b/backends/winmidi.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 MM_PLUGIN_API int init();
 static int winmidi_configure(char* option, char* value);
 static int winmidi_configure_instance(instance* inst, char* option, char* value);
-static instance* winmidi_instance();
+static int winmidi_instance(instance* inst);
 static channel* winmidi_channel(instance* inst, char* spec, uint8_t flags);
 static int winmidi_set(instance* inst, size_t num, channel** c, channel_value* v);
 static int winmidi_handle(size_t num, managed_fd* fds);
diff --git a/config.c b/config.c
index d2b65d4..920e161 100644
--- a/config.c
+++ b/config.c
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ static int config_map(char* to_raw, char* from_raw){
 			|| config_glob_scan(instance_from, &spec_from)){
 		goto done;
 	}
-	
+
 	if((spec_to.channels != spec_from.channels && spec_from.channels != 1 && spec_to.channels != 1)
 			|| spec_to.channels == 0
 			|| spec_from.channels == 0){
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ static int config_map(char* to_raw, char* from_raw){
 	for(n = 0; !rv && n < max(spec_from.channels, spec_to.channels); n++){
 		channel_from = config_glob_resolve(instance_from, &spec_from, min(n, spec_from.channels), mmchannel_input);
 		channel_to = config_glob_resolve(instance_to, &spec_to, min(n, spec_to.channels), mmchannel_output);
-		
+
 		if(!channel_from || !channel_to){
 			rv = 1;
 			goto done;
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ static int config_line(char* line){
 		else{
 			//backend instance configuration
 			parser_state = instance_cfg;
-			
+
 			//trim braces
 			line[strlen(line) - 1] = 0;
 			line++;
@@ -388,9 +388,13 @@ static int config_line(char* line){
 				return 1;
 			}
 
-			current_instance = current_backend->create();
+			current_instance = mm_instance();
 			if(!current_instance){
-				fprintf(stderr, "Failed to instantiate backend %s\n", line);
+				return 1;
+			}
+
+			if(current_backend->create(current_instance)){
+				fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create %s instance %s\n", line, separator);
 				return 1;
 			}
 
diff --git a/midimonster.c b/midimonster.c
index 583601e..b6f7758 100644
--- a/midimonster.c
+++ b/midimonster.c
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv){
 		config_free();
 		return usage(argv[0]);
 	}
-	
+
 	//load an initial timestamp
 	update_timestamp();
 
diff --git a/midimonster.h b/midimonster.h
index d6f04e7..bb1eb24 100644
--- a/midimonster.h
+++ b/midimonster.h
@@ -93,8 +93,9 @@ struct _managed_fd;
  * 		Parse backend-global configuration options from the user-supplied
  * 		configuration file. Returning a non-zero value fails config parsing.
  * 	* mmbackend_instance
- * 		Allocate space for a backend instance. Returning NULL signals an out-of-memory
- * 		condition and terminates the program.
+ * 		Allocate the backend-specific data parts of the supplied instance
+ * 		structure. Returning non-zero signals an error condition and
+ * 		terminates the program.
  * 	* mmbackend_configure_instance
  * 		Parse instance configuration from the user-supplied configuration
  * 		file. Returning a non-zero value fails config parsing.
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ struct _managed_fd;
  *		Return value is currently ignored.
  */
 typedef int (*mmbackend_handle_event)(struct _backend_instance* inst, size_t channels, struct _backend_channel** c, struct _channel_value* v);
-typedef struct _backend_instance* (*mmbackend_create_instance)();
+typedef int (*mmbackend_create_instance)(struct _backend_instance* inst);
 typedef struct _backend_channel* (*mmbackend_parse_channel)(struct _backend_instance* instance, char* spec, uint8_t flags);
 typedef void (*mmbackend_free_channel)(struct _backend_channel* c);
 typedef int (*mmbackend_configure)(char* option, char* value);
@@ -222,20 +223,6 @@ typedef struct /*_mm_channel_mapping*/ {
  */
 MM_API int mm_backend_register(backend b);
 
-/*
- * Provides a pointer to a newly (zero-)allocated instance.
- * All instance pointers need to be allocated via this API
- * in order to be assignable from the configuration parser.
- * This API should be called from the mmbackend_create_instance
- * call of your backend.
- *
- * Instances returned from this call are freed by midimonster.
- * The contents of the impl members should be freed in the
- * mmbackend_shutdown procedure of the backend, eg. by querying
- * all instances for the backend.
- */
-MM_API instance* mm_instance();
-
 /*
  * Finds an instance matching the specified backend and identifier.
  * Since setting an identifier for an instance is optional,
-- 
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