path: root/backends/midi.c

#include <string.h>
#include <alsa/asoundlib.h>
#include "midi.h"

#define BACKEND_NAME "midi"
static snd_seq_t* sequencer = NULL;
typedef union {
	struct {
		uint8_t pad[5];
		uint8_t type;
		uint8_t channel;
		uint8_t control;
	} fields;
	uint64_t label;
} midi_channel_ident;

enum /*_midi_channel_type*/ {
	none = 0,
	note,
	cc,
	pressure,
	aftertouch,
	pitchbend,
	nrpn,
	sysmsg
};

static struct {
	uint8_t detect;
} midi_config = {
	.detect = 0
};

int init(){
	backend midi = {
		.name = BACKEND_NAME,
		.conf = midi_configure,
		.create = midi_instance,
		.conf_instance = midi_configure_instance,
		.channel = midi_channel,
		.handle = midi_set,
		.process = midi_handle,
		.start = midi_start,
		.shutdown = midi_shutdown
	};

	if(snd_seq_open(&sequencer, "default", SND_SEQ_OPEN_DUPLEX, 0) < 0){
		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open ALSA sequencer\n");
		return 1;
	}

	//register backend
	if(mm_backend_register(midi)){
		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to register MIDI backend\n");
		return 1;
	}

	snd_seq_nonblock(sequencer, 1);

	fprintf(stderr, "MIDI client ID is %d\n", snd_seq_client_id(sequencer));
	return 0;
}

static int midi_configure(char* option, char* value){
	if(!strcmp(option, "name")){
		if(snd_seq_set_client_name(sequencer, value) < 0){
			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to set MIDI client name to %s\n", value);
			return 1;
		}
		return 0;
	}

	if(!strcmp(option, "detect")){
		midi_config.detect = 1;
		if(!strcmp(value, "off")){
			midi_config.detect = 0;
		}
		return 0;
	}

	fprintf(stderr, "Unknown MIDI backend option %s\n", option);
	return 1;
}

static instance* midi_instance(){
	instance* inst = mm_instance();
	if(!inst){
		return NULL;
	}

	inst->impl = calloc(1, sizeof(midi_instance_data));
	if(!inst->impl){
		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate memory\n");
		return NULL;
	}

	return inst;
}

static int midi_configure_instance(instance* instance, char* option, char* value){
	midi_instance_data* data = (midi_instance_data*) instance->impl;

	//FIXME maybe allow connecting more than one device
	if(!strcmp(option, "read")){
		//connect input device
		if(data->read){
			fprintf(stderr, "MIDI port already connected to an input device\n");
			return 1;
		}
		data->read = strdup(value);
		return 0;
	}
	else if(!strcmp(option, "write")){
		//connect output device
		if(data->write){
			fprintf(stderr, "MIDI port already connected to an output device\n");
			return 1;
		}
		data->write = strdup(value);
		return 0;
	}

	fprintf(stderr, "Unknown MIDI instance option %s\n", option);
	return 1;
}

static channel* midi_channel(instance* instance, char* spec){
	midi_channel_ident ident = {
		.label = 0
	};

	//support deprecated syntax for a transition period...
	uint8_t old_syntax = 0;
	char* channel;

	if(!strncmp(spec, "ch", 2)){
		channel = spec + 2;
		if(!strncmp(spec, "channel", 7)){
			channel = spec + 7;
		}
	}
	else if(!strncmp(spec, "cc", 2)){
		ident.fields.type = cc;
		channel = spec + 2;
		old_syntax = 1;
	}
	else if(!strncmp(spec, "note", 4)){
		ident.fields.type = note;
		channel = spec + 4;
		old_syntax = 1;
	}
	else if(!strncmp(spec, "nrpn", 4)){
		ident.fields.type = nrpn;
		channel = spec + 4;
		old_syntax = 1;
	}
	else{
		fprintf(stderr, "Unknown MIDI channel specification %s\n", spec);
		return NULL;
	}

	ident.fields.channel = strtoul(channel, &channel, 10);
	if(ident.fields.channel > 15){
		fprintf(stderr, "MIDI channel out of range in channel spec %s\n", spec);
		return NULL;
	}

	if(*channel != '.'){
		fprintf(stderr, "Need MIDI channel specification of form channel<X>.<control><Y>, had %s\n", spec);
		return NULL;
	}
	//skip the period
	channel++;

	if(!old_syntax){
		if(!strncmp(channel, "cc", 2)){
			ident.fields.type = cc;
			channel += 2;
		}
		else if(!strncmp(channel, "note", 4)){
			ident.fields.type = note;
			channel += 4;
		}
		else if(!strncmp(channel, "nrpn", 4)){
			ident.fields.type = nrpn;
			channel += 4;
		}
		else if(!strncmp(channel, "pressure", 8)){
			ident.fields.type = pressure;
			channel += 8;
		}
		else if(!strncmp(channel, "pitch", 8)){
			ident.fields.type = pitchbend;
		}
		else if(!strncmp(channel, "aftertouch", 10)){
			ident.fields.type = aftertouch;
		}
	}

	ident.fields.control = strtoul(channel, NULL, 10);

	if(ident.label){
		return mm_channel(instance, ident.label, 1);
	}

	return NULL;
}

static int midi_set(instance* inst, size_t num, channel** c, channel_value* v){
	size_t u;
	snd_seq_event_t ev;
	midi_instance_data* data;
	midi_channel_ident ident = {
		.label = 0
	};

	for(u = 0; u < num; u++){
		data = (midi_instance_data*) c[u]->instance->impl;
		ident.label = c[u]->ident;

		snd_seq_ev_clear(&ev);
		snd_seq_ev_set_source(&ev, data->port);
		snd_seq_ev_set_subs(&ev);
		snd_seq_ev_set_direct(&ev);

		switch(ident.fields.type){
			case note:
				snd_seq_ev_set_noteon(&ev, ident.fields.channel, ident.fields.control, v[u].normalised * 127.0);
				break;
			case cc:
				snd_seq_ev_set_controller(&ev, ident.fields.channel, ident.fields.control, v[u].normalised * 127.0);
				break;
			case pressure:
				snd_seq_ev_set_keypress(&ev, ident.fields.channel, ident.fields.control, v[u].normalised * 127.0);
				break;
			case pitchbend:
				snd_seq_ev_set_pitchbend(&ev, ident.fields.channel, (v[u].normalised * 16383.0) - 8192);
				break;
			case aftertouch:
				snd_seq_ev_set_chanpress(&ev, ident.fields.channel, v[u].normalised * 127.0);
				break;
			case nrpn:
				//FIXME set to nrpn output
				break;
		}

		snd_seq_event_output(sequencer, &ev);
	}

	snd_seq_drain_output(sequencer);
	return 0;
}

static int midi_handle(size_t num, managed_fd* fds){
	snd_seq_event_t* ev = NULL;
	instance* inst = NULL;
	channel* changed = NULL;
	channel_value val;
	char* event_type = NULL;
	midi_channel_ident ident = {
		.label = 0
	};

	if(!num){
		return 0;
	}

	while(snd_seq_event_input(sequencer, &ev) > 0){
		event_type = NULL;
		ident.label = 0;
		switch(ev->type){
			case SND_SEQ_EVENT_NOTEON:
			case SND_SEQ_EVENT_NOTEOFF:
			case SND_SEQ_EVENT_NOTE:
				ident.fields.type = note;
				ident.fields.channel = ev->data.note.channel;
				ident.fields.control = ev->data.note.note;
				val.normalised = (double)ev->data.note.velocity / 127.0;
				event_type = "note";
				break;
			case SND_SEQ_EVENT_KEYPRESS:
				ident.fields.type = pressure;
				ident.fields.channel = ev->data.note.channel;
				ident.fields.control = ev->data.note.note;
				val.normalised = (double)ev->data.note.velocity / 127.0;
				event_type = "pressure";
				break;
			case SND_SEQ_EVENT_CHANPRESS:
				ident.fields.type = aftertouch;
				ident.fields.channel = ev->data.control.channel;
				val.normalised = (double)ev->data.control.value / 127.0;
				event_type = "aftertouch";
				break;
			case SND_SEQ_EVENT_PITCHBEND:
				ident.fields.type = pitchbend;
				ident.fields.channel = ev->data.control.channel;
				val.normalised = ((double)ev->data.control.value + 8192) / 16383.0;
				event_type = "pitch";
				break;
			case SND_SEQ_EVENT_CONTROLLER:
				ident.fields.type = cc;
				ident.fields.channel = ev->data.control.channel;
				ident.fields.control = ev->data.control.param;
				val.raw.u64 = ev->data.control.value;
				val.normalised = (double)ev->data.control.value / 127.0;
				event_type = "cc";
				break;
			case SND_SEQ_EVENT_CONTROL14:
			case SND_SEQ_EVENT_NONREGPARAM:
			case SND_SEQ_EVENT_REGPARAM:
				//FIXME value calculation
				ident.fields.type = nrpn;
				ident.fields.channel = ev->data.control.channel;
				ident.fields.control = ev->data.control.param;
				break;
			default:
				fprintf(stderr, "Ignored MIDI event of unsupported type\n");
				continue;
		}

		inst = mm_instance_find(BACKEND_NAME, ev->dest.port);
		if(!inst){
			//FIXME might want to return failure
			fprintf(stderr, "Delivered MIDI event did not match any instance\n");
			continue;
		}

		changed = mm_channel(inst, ident.label, 0);
		if(changed){
			if(mm_channel_event(changed, val)){
				free(ev);
				return 1;
			}
		}

		if(midi_config.detect && event_type){
			if(ident.fields.type == pitchbend || ident.fields.type == aftertouch){
				fprintf(stderr, "Incoming MIDI data on channel %s.ch%d.%s\n", inst->name, ident.fields.channel, event_type);
			}
			else{
				fprintf(stderr, "Incoming MIDI data on channel %s.ch%d.%s%d\n", inst->name, ident.fields.channel, event_type, ident.fields.control);
			}
		}
	}
	free(ev);
	return 0;
}

static int midi_start(){
	size_t n, p;
	int nfds, rv = 1;
	struct pollfd* pfds = NULL;
	instance** inst = NULL;
	midi_instance_data* data = NULL;
	snd_seq_addr_t addr;

	if(mm_backend_instances(BACKEND_NAME, &n, &inst)){
		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to fetch instance list\n");
		return 1;
	}

	//if there are no ports, do nothing
	if(!n){
		free(inst);
		return 0;
	}

	//create all ports
	for(p = 0; p < n; p++){
		data = (midi_instance_data*) inst[p]->impl;
		data->port = snd_seq_create_simple_port(sequencer, inst[p]->name, SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_WRITE | SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_SUBS_WRITE | SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_READ | SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_SUBS_READ, SND_SEQ_PORT_TYPE_MIDI_GENERIC);
		inst[p]->ident = data->port;

		//make connections
		if(data->write){
			if(snd_seq_parse_address(sequencer, &addr, data->write) == 0){
				fprintf(stderr, "Connecting output of instance %s to MIDI device %s (%d:%d)\n", inst[p]->name, data->write, addr.client, addr.port);
				snd_seq_connect_to(sequencer, data->port, addr.client, addr.port);
			}
			else{
				fprintf(stderr, "Failed to get destination MIDI device address: %s\n", data->write);
			}
			free(data->write);
			data->write = NULL;
		}

		if(data->read){
			if(snd_seq_parse_address(sequencer, &addr, data->read) == 0){
				fprintf(stderr, "Connecting input from MIDI device %s to instance %s (%d:%d)\n", data->read, inst[p]->name, addr.client, addr.port);
				snd_seq_connect_from(sequencer, data->port, addr.client, addr.port);
			}
			else{
				fprintf(stderr, "Failed to get source MIDI device address: %s\n", data->read);
			}
			free(data->read);
			data->read = NULL;
		}
	}

	//register all fds to core
	nfds = snd_seq_poll_descriptors_count(sequencer, POLLIN | POLLOUT);
	pfds = calloc(nfds, sizeof(struct pollfd));
	if(!pfds){
		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate memory\n");
		goto bail;
	}
	nfds = snd_seq_poll_descriptors(sequencer, pfds, nfds, POLLIN | POLLOUT);

	fprintf(stderr, "MIDI backend registering %d descriptors to core\n", nfds);
	for(p = 0; p < nfds; p++){
		if(mm_manage_fd(pfds[p].fd, BACKEND_NAME, 1, NULL)){
			goto bail;
		}
	}

	rv = 0;

bail:
	free(pfds);
	free(inst);
	return rv;
}

static int midi_shutdown(){
	size_t n, p;
	instance** inst = NULL;
	midi_instance_data* data = NULL;
	if(mm_backend_instances(BACKEND_NAME, &n, &inst)){
		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to fetch instance list\n");
		return 1;
	}

	for(p = 0; p < n; p++){
		data = (midi_instance_data*) inst[p]->impl;
		free(data->read);
		free(data->write);
		data->read = NULL;
		data->write = NULL;
		free(inst[p]->impl);
	}
	free(inst);

	//close midi
	snd_seq_close(sequencer);
	sequencer = NULL;

	//free configuration cache
	snd_config_update_free_global();

	fprintf(stderr, "MIDI backend shut down\n");
	return 0;
}